{"id":6298,"date":"2025-11-14T15:05:26","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T07:05:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/?p=6298"},"modified":"2025-11-14T21:27:35","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T13:27:35","slug":"lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"LM723 Voltage Regulator Explained: Pinout, Working &amp; Application Circuits"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fsc_text\">\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"introduction_to_lm723_voltage_regulator\"><\/span>Introduction to LM723 Voltage Regulator<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The LM723 is a monolithic integrated programmable voltage regulator, assembled in a 14-lead dual-in-line plastic package. It is capable of providing 2V-37V output voltage and delivering 150mA of output current. However, with the addition of an external transistor, it can provide an output current up to 10A. LM723 offers extremely low standby current drain and foldback current limiting features. A foldback current limiter in a circuit reduces the power supply output current when an overload condition occurs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/product-detail\/pmic-voltage-regulators-linear-stmicroelectronics-lm723n-8f256fc7\">LM723 is widely used in a r<\/a>ange of applications, including shunt regulators, current regulators, temperature controllers, battery chargers, microcontroller-based circuits, and adjustable and fixed power supplies. LM723 is a high-precision voltage regulator IC capable of delivering both positive and negative output voltages with exceptional stability and accuracy. Therefore, it is among the widely used voltage regulators in analog and power electronics. It also has a wide operating temperature over 0\u00b0C to +70\u00b0C. However, LM723C is the same as LM723 except for the fact that LM723C has a temperature operating range of \u221255\u00b0C to +125\u00b0C.<\/p>\r\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\r\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\r\n<h2 class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\r\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #023a85;color:#023a85\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #023a85;color:#023a85\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#introduction_to_lm723_voltage_regulator\" >Introduction to LM723 Voltage Regulator<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#what_is_lm723_voltage_regulator_ic\" >What is LM723 Voltage Regulator IC?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#lm723_pinout_typical_packages\" >LM723 Pinout &amp; Typical Packages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#lm723_internal_circuit_working_operation\" >LM723 Internal Circuit &amp; Working Operation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#working_operation_of_lm723\" >Working Operation of LM723<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#electrical_characteristics_technical_specifications\" >Electrical Characteristics &amp; Technical Specifications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#design_guide_and_calculations\" >Design Guide and Calculations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#lm723_practical_pcb_layout_considerations\" >LM723 Practical PCB Layout Considerations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#lm723_typical_circuit_applications\" >LM723 Typical Circuit Applications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#advantages_limitations_of_lm723_voltage_regulator\" >Advantages &amp; Limitations of LM723 Voltage Regulator<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#lm723_vs_alternatives\" >LM723 VS Alternatives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#frequently_asked_questions_faq\" >Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what_is_lm723_voltage_regulator_ic\"><\/span>What is LM723 Voltage Regulator IC?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The LM723 or LM723C is a voltage regulator designed primarily for series regulator applications. It is an adjustable voltage regulator with a maximum input voltage of 40V and an output voltage between 2V and 37V. Unlike traditional regulator ICs such as 7805 and 7812, which only provide fixed output voltages and low output current. LM723 offers adjustable output voltage with a maximum of 10A output current. It can supply 150mA output current without an external pass transistor. However, with an external series pass transistor, LM723 can supply up to 10A of output current.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>LM723 can be used either as a linear or a switching regulator. It also features a foldback current limiting circuit. Therefore, it can withstand overload conditions by reducing the output supply current. The LM723 provides both positive and negative voltage regulators, offering an adjustable output from 2V to 37V. LM723&#8217;s ability to provide adjustable voltages ranging from 2V to 37V and adjustable current with an external pass transistor up to 10A makes it a perfect choice for various analog and power electronic applications, including shunt regulators, battery chargers, and battery controllers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>LM723 comes in various packages, including PDIP and TO-100. The specific package can vary depending on the manufacturer and the temperature range the device is designed for.\u00a0The most common manufacturers of LM723 are Texas Instruments (TI) and STMicroelectronics.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lm723_pinout_typical_packages\"><\/span>LM723 Pinout &amp; Typical Packages<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The LM723 Voltage Regulator IC features a total of 14 pins, each serving a specific function that contributes to its flexibility and precision in voltage regulation applications. Understanding the LM723 pinout configuration is crucial for achieving proper circuit design, stability, and optimal performance. Whether used in a series regulator, shunt regulator, or current limiter, each pin plays a vital role in defining the regulator\u2019s output characteristics.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Pinout Table (Inline CSS version for WordPress) -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 1000px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 16px;border-radius: 12px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fdfdfd,#f5f9ff);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;color: #0f2540;margin-bottom: 10px\">LM723 Pinout \u2014 Pin Functions<\/h3>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: left;font-size: 15px\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg,#007bff,#00b4d8);color: white\">\r\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 12px\">PIN No.<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 12px\">Pin Name<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 12px\">Pin Function<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">1<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">NC<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">No internal connection<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f0f8ff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">2<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">Current Limit<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Used with a sense resistor for current limiting\/foldback (base terminal of internal current limit circuit).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">3<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">Current Sense<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Used for current foldback applications (emitter of the current limit circuit).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f0f8ff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">Inverting Input<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Inverting input of the internal error amplifier.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">5<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">Non-inverting Input<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Non-inverting input of the error amplifier (tie to VREF divider for setpoint).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f0f8ff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">6<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">Vref<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Internal reference output (~7.15 V typical). Check the datasheet for limits.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">7<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">V- (GND)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Negative supply\/ground pin (0 V in single-supply use).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f0f8ff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">8<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">NC<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">No internal connection<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">9<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">Vz<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Zener reference terminal \u2014 used for negative regulator setups.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f0f8ff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">10<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">Vout<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Regulator output (internal or external pass transistor drive).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">11<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">Vc<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Collector connection for internal pass transistor drive.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f0f8ff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">12<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">V+<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Unregulated input \/ positive supply for the IC (up to 40 V max).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">13<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">Frequency Compensation<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Connect a small capacitor (~100 pF) to the inverting input for stability.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f0f8ff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff6b35\">14<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f2540\">NC<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">No internal connection<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px;color: #666;text-align: center;margin-top: 8px\">Always verify with the official LM723 datasheet before design or testing.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/LM723-pinout-details.png\" alt=\"LM723 Pinout diagram\" width=\"810\" height=\"516\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>LM723 Typical Packages<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>LM723 is available in several packages due to its high demand and extensive use in various analog and power electronics applications. The most common packages of LM723 are PDIP, SOIC, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/product-detail\/pmic-voltage-regulators-linear-rochester-electronics-llc-lm723ch-964c684b\">TO-100<\/a>. The electrical characteristics of all the LM723 packages are identical; the difference lies only in form factor, thermal characteristics, and mounting style. Different packages type has different unique packaging codes, making it easier for the customer to buy the exact LM723 IC.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Package Details Table (Inline CSS version for WordPress) -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 800px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 16px;border-radius: 12px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff7f9,#fdf4ff);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;color: #5a189a;margin-bottom: 10px\">LM723 Package Details<\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;color: #6a0572;margin-top: 0;font-size: 14px\">Different LM723 package options and their characteristics.<\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: left;font-size: 15px\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg,#9d4edd,#f72585);color: white\">\r\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 12px\">Package Type<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 12px\">Package Code<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 12px\">Description<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #5a189a\">DIP-14 (Dual in Line Package)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff5c8a\">LM723CN<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Most common version; ideal for through-hole circuits and educational setups.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #fff0f6\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #5a189a\">TO-100 Metal Can Package<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff5c8a\">LM723H<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Offers better thermal stability and EMI resistance for industrial applications.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #5a189a\">SOIC-14 (Surface Mount)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #ff5c8a\">LM723MD<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Compact SMD version for modern PCB layouts and automated assembly.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px;color: #666;text-align: center;margin-top: 8px\">Choose the LM723 package type based on your circuit design and assembly method.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/LM723-PACKAGES.png\" alt=\"LM723 SOIC, PDIP, and TO-100 package\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/product-detail\/pmic-voltage-regulators-linear-texas-instruments-lm723h-19de3348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6326\" src=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/lm723h.png\" alt=\"LM723H voltage regulator IC \u2013 features, specifications, and technical support by Flywing\r\n\" width=\"2160\" height=\"270\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lm723_internal_circuit_working_operation\"><\/span>LM723 Internal Circuit &amp; Working Operation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>LM723 is a monolithic integrated programmable voltage regulator, assembled in a 14-lead dual-in-line plastic package. Unlike <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/ic-7805-voltage-regulator-circuit-design-applications-and-tips\/\">7805<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/search\/L7812CV\">7812 voltage regulators<\/a> that only provide fix output voltage, LM723 offers adjustable voltage regulation and 150mA output current.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>LM723 generates the adjustable voltage by comparing its output voltage to a stable internal reference voltage. LM723 consists of an error amplifier that adjusts a series pass transistor to maintain a constant output voltage, irrespective of changes in the input supply voltage.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The internal circuit of LM723 consists of several key circuits that together make the working operation of LM723 precise and accurate. Key internal circuit components are the voltage reference circuit, error amplifier, series pass transistor, current limiting circuit, and frequency compensation circuit.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Voltage Reference Circuit<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The internal circuit consists of a zener diode and a buffer circuit that provides a highly stable reference voltage. This voltage is 7.15 volts and appears on Vref (PIN 6).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Error Amplifier<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The output of the reference voltage circuit, i.e., 7.15 volts, is given to the high-gain differential amplifier known as the error amplifier. The reference voltage is given to pin 5, which is the non-inverting input of the amplifier, and its inverting input (Pin 4) receives a feedback voltage from the regulated output.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Series Pass Transistor<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The output of the error amplifier is responsible for driving the NPN pass transistor. Pin 11 of the LM723 is connected to the unregulated input supply, and the emitter provides the output voltage at pin 10 (Vout).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Current Limiting Circuit<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00a0A separate internal NPN transistor is used for current protection. Its base and emitter are connected to the\u00a0Current Limit\u00a0(CL, Pin 2) and\u00a0Current Sense\u00a0(CS, Pin 3) pins, respectively. When the voltage drop across an external current-sensing resistor (connected between CL and CS) exceeds approximately 0.65V, this transistor turns on and limits the drive to the main pass transistor, thereby limiting the output current.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Frequency Compensation<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>An external capacitor (typically 100 pF) is connected between the\u00a0Frequency Compensation\u00a0pin (Pin 13) and the inverting input (Pin 4) to prevent the error amplifier from oscillating.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"working_operation_of_lm723\"><\/span><strong>Working Operation of LM723<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sensing<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>A portion of the output voltage is fed back to the inverting input of the internal error amplifier via an external resistor network (usually a potentiometer for an adjustable output).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Comparison<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The error amplifier compares this feedback voltage with the stable 7.15V internal reference voltage applied to its non-inverting input.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Regulation<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>If the output voltage changes (e.g., drops due to increased load), the voltage at the inverting input changes. The error amplifier detects this difference and adjusts the conduction of the series pass transistor to restore the output voltage to the desired level.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/LM723-working-operation.png\" alt=\"LM723 working operation diagram\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"electrical_characteristics_technical_specifications\"><\/span>Electrical Characteristics &amp; Technical Specifications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>When searching for the LM723 voltage regulator datasheet or LM723 part number, one of the most crucial sections engineers look for is its electrical characteristics and technical specifications. LM723 is a versatile and extensively use adjustable voltage regulator that is a popular choice for many engineers to utilize in their circuit applications.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>However, understanding its electrical and technical specifications is essential for engineers to use it in their design applications effectively. Different variants of LM723 are also available, such as LM723C; therefore, it is important to<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/ds\/symlink\/lm723.pdf\"> consult the datasheet<\/a> for the exact and accurate technical specifications.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Technical Specifications (Absolute Maximum Ratings) -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 800px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 16px;border-radius: 12px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f7fffc,#f2f9f8);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;color: #0f6b63;margin-bottom: 10px\">LM723 Technical Specifications (Absolute Maximum Ratings)<\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;color: #2b7a74;margin-top: 0;font-size: 14px\">Key absolute maximum ratings and limits.<\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: left;font-size: 15px;margin-top: 8px\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg,#0ea5a4,#34d399);color: white\">\r\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 12px\">Parameter<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 12px\">Max Value<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 12px\">Description<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f6b63\">Supply Voltage<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #0b7a6f\">40V<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Maximum input voltage across the IC<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f0fffb\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f6b63\">Output Current (without pass transistor)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #0b7a6f\">150mA<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Internal transistor current limit<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f6b63\">Reference Voltage<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #0b7a6f\">7.15V<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Stable internal voltage reference<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f0fffb\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f6b63\">Output Voltage Range<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #0b7a6f\">2 \u2013 37V<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Adjustable via external resistors<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f6b63\">Power Dissipation<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #0b7a6f\">660 mW<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">The maximum power that can be safely dissipated<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f0fffb\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f6b63\">Operating Junction Temperature Range<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #0b7a6f\">0\u00b0C to +125\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Suitable for industrial and lab applications<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #0f6b63\">Storage Temperature Range<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #0b7a6f\">-65\u00b0C to +150\u00b0C<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;color: #333\">Safe storage range without degradation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px;color: #666;text-align: center;margin-top: 8px\">Always confirm values with the official LM723 datasheet before use.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Electrical Characteristics (Typical Performance) -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 800px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 16px;border-radius: 12px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f8f6ff,#f0f3ff);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;color: #4b3fda;margin-bottom: 10px\">LM723 Electrical Characteristics (Typical Performance)<\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;color: #6456e0;margin-top: 0;font-size: 14px\">Representative electrical performance parameters of the LM723 voltage regulator.<\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;text-align: left;font-size: 15px;margin-top: 8px\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg,#4b3fda,#6f86ff);color: white\">\r\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 12px\">Parameter<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"padding: 10px 12px\">Typical Value<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #4034a8\">Reference Voltage<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #3a38b0\">7.15V<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f3ff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #4034a8\">Short Circuit Current Limit<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #3a38b0\">10 \u2013 150mA<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #4034a8\">Input Bias Current (Error Amplifier)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #3a38b0\">100nA<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f3ff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #4034a8\">Ripple Rejection Ratio<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #3a38b0\">74dB<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #ffffff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #4034a8\">Output Noise Voltage<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #3a38b0\">86 \u00b5V rms<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: #f5f3ff\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: 600;color: #4034a8\">Dropout Voltage<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 10px 12px;font-weight: bold;color: #3a38b0\">3V<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px;color: #666;text-align: center;margin-top: 8px\">Typical values are measured under standard test conditions; consult the datasheet for guaranteed limits.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"design_guide_and_calculations\"><\/span>Design Guide and Calculations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Designing a stable and efficient LM723 voltage regulator circuit requires understanding the IC\u2019s internal structure, pin functions, and external components that determine its output voltage, current limit, and stability.<br \/>The LM723 is one of the most versatile linear voltage regulators, capable of operating as a low-voltage regulator (2 V\u20137 V) or high-voltage regulator (up to 37 V), and even supporting external pass transistors for higher current applications.<br \/>This section serves as a complete LM723 design guide\u2014covering pin-level wiring, external component design, calculation formulas, and a worked example that integrates all these principles into a real-world circuit.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step-by-Step Wiring Guide of LM723<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Connection Guide -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 750px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 20px;border-radius: 12px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fdfcff,#f4f6ff);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;color: #3f37c9;margin-bottom: 15px\">LM723 Connection Guide<\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"color: #1e88e5;font-weight: 600;margin-bottom: 6px\">1. Connect <span style=\"color: #0d47a1\">V+ (pin 12)<\/span> to the <span style=\"color: #1565c0\">unregulated input supply<\/span> (e.g., 12 V).<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"color: #00796b;font-weight: 600;margin-bottom: 6px\">2. <span style=\"color: #004d40\">V\u2212 (pin 7)<\/span> to <span style=\"color: #009688\">ground<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"color: #e65100;font-weight: 600;margin-bottom: 6px\">3. Use a <span style=\"color: #ef6c00\">0.1 \u00b5F ceramic bypass capacitor<\/span> close to the IC between pins 12 and 7.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"color: #8e24aa;font-weight: 600;margin-bottom: 6px\">4. Also, Connect <span style=\"color: #6a1b9a\">pin 6 (Vref)<\/span> to one leg of a <span style=\"color: #9c27b0\">resistor divider (R1\u2013R2)<\/span> used for output voltage adjustment.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"color: #1565c0;font-weight: 600;margin-bottom: 6px\">5. Feedback from the <span style=\"color: #0d47a1\">output node<\/span> goes to <span style=\"color: #1e88e5\">+IN (pin 5)<\/span> via the divider network.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"color: #c2185b;font-weight: 600;margin-bottom: 6px\">6. Tie <span style=\"color: #880e4f\">\u2212IN (pin 4)<\/span> to the <span style=\"color: #ad1457\">reference node<\/span> (either ground or Vref, depending on configuration).<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"color: #2e7d32;font-weight: 600;margin-bottom: 6px\">7. Add a <span style=\"color: #1b5e20\">Cref \u2248 5 \u00b5F<\/span> between <span style=\"color: #33691e\">pin 6<\/span> and ground to improve ripple rejection.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px;color: #555;text-align: center;margin-top: 15px\">\ud83d\udca1 Tip: Keep wiring short and use proper decoupling for best regulator stability.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>External Circuit Design Guidelines<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Typical-Application-of-LM723-and-external-circuit.png\" alt=\"LM723 typical circuit connection diagram\" width=\"848\" height=\"593\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Voltage Divider Network (R1\u2013R2):<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The LM723\u2019s output voltage is controlled by comparing a portion of Vout to its internal 7.15 V reference. For series regulator configuration;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- Styled HTML equation -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 760px;margin: 12px 0;padding: 12px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(90deg,#f6fbff,#eef7ff);font-family: Segoe UI,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: #073b6b\"><strong style=\"color: #0b63ff\">V<sub>out<\/sub> = <\/strong> <span style=\"color: #0f2540\">V<sub>ref<\/sub> \u00b7 <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">(<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"color: #0b63ff;font-weight: bold\">R<sub>1<\/sub> + R<sub>2<\/sub><\/span> <span style=\"color: #0f2540;font-weight: bold\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0f2540\"> \/ <\/span> <span style=\"color: #0b63ff;font-weight: bold\">R<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Where Vref is 7.15V and use $R_1 = 1\\,\\text{k}\\Omega \\text{\u2013} 10\\,\\text{k}\\Omega$ for a stable bias current and choose R2\u00a0to set the desired output.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>External Pass Transistor (High-Current Applications):<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The internal transistor of LM723 can deliver ~150 mA. For higher current, connect an NPN pass transistor such as 2N3055:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- Transistor Connections (Inline CSS for WordPress) -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 720px;margin: 18px auto;padding: 16px;border-radius: 12px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fffdf6,#f4fbff);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;color: #0b63ff;margin: 0 0 10px 0\">Transistor Connections<\/h4>\r\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 18px;margin: 0;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.9;color: #243447\">\r\n<li style=\"align-items: flex-start;gap: 10px\"><span style=\"min-width: 34px;height: 34px;border-radius: 8px;background: linear-gradient(90deg,#06b6d4,#0ea5a4);color: white;align-items: center;justify-content: center;font-weight: bold\">1<\/span>\r\n<div><strong>Collector<\/strong> \u2192 <span style=\"color: #0b63ff;font-weight: bold\">VIN<\/span> (raw supply)<\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"align-items: flex-start;gap: 10px\"><span style=\"min-width: 34px;height: 34px;border-radius: 8px;background: linear-gradient(90deg,#7c3aed,#a78bfa);color: white;align-items: center;justify-content: center;font-weight: bold\">2<\/span>\r\n<div><strong>Emitter<\/strong> \u2192 <span style=\"color: #0ea5a4;font-weight: bold\">Load \/ VOUT<\/span> terminal<\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"align-items: flex-start;gap: 10px\"><span style=\"min-width: 34px;height: 34px;border-radius: 8px;background: linear-gradient(90deg,#ef4444,#fb7185);color: white;align-items: center;justify-content: center;font-weight: bold\">3<\/span>\r\n<div><strong>Base<\/strong> \u2192 <span style=\"color: #ef4444;font-weight: bold\">Pin 10 (VOUT)<\/span> through <span style=\"color: #7c3aed;font-weight: bold\">100 \u03a9<\/span> resistor.<\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px;color: #556978;margin-top: 12px;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0\">Tip: place the base resistor close to the transistor base and keep wiring short for stable operation.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The LM723 then drives the external transistor base to maintain a regulated output voltage.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Current Limit Design:<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Place a low-value resistor (Rsc) between internal VOUT (pin 10) and the regulated output node.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Connect pin 2 (CL) and pin 3 (CS) across this resistor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Current Limit Equation -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 700px;margin: 16px auto;padding: 14px 18px;border-radius: 12px;background: linear-gradient(90deg,#f5fbff,#eef7ff);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif;text-align: center\">\r\n<h4 style=\"margin: 0 0 8px 0;color: #0b63ff\">LM723 Current Limit Equation<\/h4>\r\n<div style=\"font-size: 20px;font-weight: bold;color: #1a237e\">I<sub>limit<\/sub> = <span style=\"color: #0b63ff\">0.65 V<\/span> \/ <span style=\"color: #ef4444\">R<sub>sc<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px;color: #455a64;margin-top: 6px\">\ud83d\udca1 Adjust <strong>R<sub>sc<\/sub><\/strong> (sense resistor) to set the desired current limit.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>For instance, to achieve 1A current, place a resistor of 0.65\u03a9. For foldback current limiting, add a resistor network between pins 2, 3, and 4.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Compensation &amp; Stability:<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Connect a 100 pF\u20131 nF capacitor from pin 13 (Comp) to ground to prevent oscillation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Use a 5 \u00b5F capacitor from Vref (pin 6) to ground for high ripple rejection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Add an electrolytic capacitor (10\u2013470 \u00b5F) at the output to minimize ripple.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Thermal &amp; Dropout Considerations:<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ensure $V_{IN} \\ge V_{OUT} + 3\\,\\text{V}$ to maintain regulation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>External transistor dissipation $P \\approx (V_{IN} &#8211; V_{OUT}) \\times I_{OUT}$\u00a0; Always mount it on a heatsink.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Practical Design Example<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 12V \/ 1A Power Supply Design Summary -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 700px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 16px;border-radius: 12px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0faff,#ffffff);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 12px 0;color: #0b63ff;text-align: center\">Regulated 12 V \/ 1 A DC Power Supply Design<\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 15px;color: #1f3b57;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 16px\">Using <strong>LM723<\/strong> voltage regulator with an <strong>external pass transistor<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<div style=\"gap: 12px;flex-wrap: wrap;justify-content: center\">\r\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 200px;min-width: 180px;padding: 12px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#e0f7ff,#d0f0ff);text-align: center\">\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold;color: #064e3b;font-size: 14px;margin-bottom: 6px\">Input Voltage<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 800;color: #0b63ff;font-size: 18px\">Vin = 18 V<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 200px;min-width: 180px;padding: 12px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff0f0,#ffeaea);text-align: center\">\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold;color: #7a1f1f;font-size: 14px;margin-bottom: 6px\">Output Voltage<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 800;color: #ef4444;font-size: 18px\">Vout = 12 V<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"flex: 1 1 200px;min-width: 180px;padding: 12px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f8f0ff,#f2e6ff);text-align: center\">\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: bold;color: #4c1d95;font-size: 14px;margin-bottom: 6px\">Load Current<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-weight: 800;color: #9333ea;font-size: 18px\">Iload = 1 A<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>To compute the output voltage, the external resistor divider network R1 and R2 across the Vref (pin 6) and non-inverting input terminal (pin 5) needs to be determined. The formula to calculate the Vout of LM723 is;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- Styled HTML equation -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 760px;margin: 12px 0;padding: 12px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(90deg,#f6fbff,#eef7ff);font-family: Segoe UI,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: #073b6b\"><strong style=\"color: #0b63ff\">V<sub>out<\/sub> = <\/strong> <span style=\"color: #0f2540\">V<sub>ref<\/sub> \u00b7 <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">(<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"color: #0b63ff;font-weight: bold\">R<sub>1<\/sub> + R<sub>2<\/sub><\/span> <span style=\"color: #0f2540;font-weight: bold\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0f2540\"> \/ <\/span> <span style=\"color: #0b63ff;font-weight: bold\">R<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>If I choose R1 to be 2.2K\u03a9, and Vref is 7.15V and Vout is 12V, then R2 will become;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Voltage Divider Equations -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 700px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 16px;border-radius: 12px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff8f0,#fffdf6);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif;text-align: center\">\r\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 12px 0;color: #f97316\">Voltage Divider Calculation for LM723<\/h3>\r\n<div style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;color: #7c2d12;margin-bottom: 8px\">12 = 7.15 \u00d7 ((2.2 k\u03a9 + R2) \/ R2)<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;color: #16a34a\">R2 = 3.24 k\u03a9<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Therefore, to maintain a 12V output voltage, the value of R2 should be $R_1 = 3.2\\,\\text{k}\\Omega$\u00a0and R1 is $R_2 = 2.2\\,\\text{k}\\Omega$<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>To deliver the 1A current at the output of LM723, use an external pass transistor (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/product-detail\/transistors-bipolar-bjt-single-central-semiconductor-2n3055-299a5aeb\">2N3055 NPN transistor<\/a>). Connect the collector of the transistor with an 18V input, the base with pin 10 via a $100\\,\\text{k}\\Omega$ resistor, and the emitter terminal with a 12V output.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>For 1A output current, place a 0.65\u03a9 resistor between pin 10 of LM723 and base of the transistor. \u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Current Sense Resistor Calculation -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 700px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 16px;border-radius: 12px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0fff4,#f7fffa);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif;text-align: center\">\r\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 12px 0;color: #16a34a\">Current Sense Resistor Calculation<\/h3>\r\n<div style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;color: #15803d;margin-bottom: 8px\">R<sub>sc<\/sub> = 0.65 V \/ 1 A<\/div>\r\n<div style=\"font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;color: #059669\">R<sub>sc<\/sub> = 0.65 \u03a9<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 13px;color: #475569;margin-top: 6px\">Used to limit the load current to 1 A in the LM723 regulated supply design.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>For stability and noise reduction, connect the following capacitors.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Capacitor Connection Guide -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 700px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 18px;border-radius: 14px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0f9ff,#ffffff);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 14px 0;color: #0ea5a4;text-align: center\">LM723 Capacitor Connections<\/h3>\r\n<ul style=\"padding: 0;line-height: 1.7\">\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#e0f7ff,#d0f0ff);color: #065f46;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #064e3b\">CIN:<\/span> 0.1 \u00b5F + 470 \u00b5F at input<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff7f0,#fff3e0);color: #78350f;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #7c2d12\">COUT:<\/span> 470 \u00b5F at output<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f0ff,#f2e6ff);color: #4c1d95;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #9333ea\">CREF:<\/span> 5 \u00b5F at pin 6 to ground<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0fff4,#e6fff0);color: #065f46;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #16a34a\">CCOMP:<\/span> 100 pF at pin 13 to ground<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lm723_practical_pcb_layout_considerations\"><\/span>LM723 Practical PCB Layout Considerations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>70% of LM723-based regulator failures are caused not by circuit design errors, but by bad PCB layout. Let\u2019s make sure yours isn\u2019t one of them.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Designing a voltage regulator with the LM723 IC is more than just connecting pins and resistors; the printed circuit board (PCB) layout directly affects voltage stability, ripple, and noise rejection. A poor layout can cause oscillations, thermal drift, or even failure of the pass transistor. In this section, we will explore some of the best and key PCB layout considerations to make your LM723 voltage regulator on PCB work perfectly without any errors or failures.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Component Placement Strategy<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Proper component placement is the first step to a clean and stable design.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>-Place the LM723 IC close to the input and output filter capacitors to reduce lead inductance.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>-The reference bypass capacitor (0.1 \u00b5F) between Vref (Pin 6) and GND (Pin 7) should be placed as close as physically possible to the IC pins.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>-Keep R1 and R2 (feedback resistors) close to the IC to avoid noise pickup on the feedback line.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>-The sense resistor (Rsense) for current limiting must be placed directly in the load return path and connected with thick traces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Grounding Techniques<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Grounding mistakes are one of the biggest noise sources in LM723 circuits and overall in PCB designs. To minimize the noise from grounding, follow these guidelines.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>-Never mix a high-current load ground with a signal ground directly.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>-Connect the LM723\u2019s GND (Pin 7) and Vref bypass capacitor to a quiet signal ground branch.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>-The output stage ground (Rsense, load return) should go to a separate high-current trace that joins at the main ground point.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lm723_typical_circuit_applications\"><\/span>LM723 Typical Circuit Applications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Whether you need a 5V precision reference, a 30V lab bench supply, or a constant current charger, LM723 can do it all with just a few external components. Visit the video below which explains a step-by-step design guide for the solar charge controller circuit application using LM723.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"lm723 solar charge controller with voltage &amp; current control\" width=\"1778\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RSuryO0QhMw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>If you\u2019re designing a DC power supply, high-current regulator, or a negative voltage source, the LM723 Voltage Regulator IC offers unmatched versatility. Its ability to work across wide voltage and current ranges makes it a favorite among engineers and hobbyists alike. In this section, we\u2019ll explore three practical LM723 application circuits, each with complete wiring explanation, working principle, and step-by-step connection guide.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Basic High Voltage Regulator (07-37 Volts)<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>This is the standard LM723 voltage regulator circuit, capable of regulating outputs between 7V and 37V. It uses the internal reference (Vref) and error amplifier to maintain a stable DC output.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The LM723 senses the difference between the reference voltage (7.15V) and the feedback voltage from the resistor divider. The internal amplifier adjusts the output drive to maintain the desired regulated voltage at the output.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Basic-high-voltage-regulator-LM723.png\" alt=\"LM723 high voltage regulator circuit diagram\" width=\"649\" height=\"547\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The output of this LM723 voltage regulated using the following formula<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- Styled HTML equation -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 760px;margin: 12px 0;padding: 12px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(90deg,#f6fbff,#eef7ff);font-family: Segoe UI,Roboto,Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: #073b6b\"><strong style=\"color: #0b63ff\">V<sub>out<\/sub> = <\/strong> <span style=\"color: #0f2540\">V<sub>ref<\/sub> \u00b7 <span style=\"font-weight: bold\">(<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"color: #0b63ff;font-weight: bold\">R<sub>1<\/sub> + R<sub>2<\/sub><\/span> <span style=\"color: #0f2540;font-weight: bold\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0f2540\"> \/ <\/span> <span style=\"color: #0b63ff;font-weight: bold\">R<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Circuit Connection Guide -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 750px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 18px;border-radius: 14px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0f9ff,#ffffff);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 14px 0;color: #0ea5a4;text-align: center\">LM723 Circuit Connection Guide<\/h3>\r\n<ul style=\"padding: 0;line-height: 1.7\">\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#e0f7ff,#d0f0ff);color: #065f46;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #064e3b\">VCC (Pin 12):<\/span> Connect to input supply (VIN).<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff7f0,#fff3e0);color: #78350f;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #7c2d12\">Vref (Pin 6):<\/span> Provides a stable 7.15V internal reference.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f0ff,#f2e6ff);color: #4c1d95;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #9333ea\">Non-Inverting Input (Pin 5):<\/span> Receives feedback voltage from the divider network (R1 and R2).<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0fff4,#e6fff0);color: #065f46;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #16a34a\">Inverting Input (Pin 4):<\/span> Compares feedback voltage with reference.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff0f7,#ffe6f2);color: #831843;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #a21caf\">Output (Pin 10):<\/span> Provides regulated output voltage.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fffdf0,#fff9e0);color: #78350f;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #f59e0b\">RSC (Current Sense Resistor):<\/span> Limits output current.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0f5ff,#e6ebff);color: #1e3a8a;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #3b82f6\">C1 (100 pF):<\/span> Stabilizes loop gain to prevent oscillation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Negative Voltage Regulator<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>This configuration allows the LM723 to regulate negative output voltages, ideal for dual power supply systems (e.g., \u00b112V or \u00b115V for<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm358-op-amp-design-guide-pin-configuration-common-circuit-applications-and-tips\/\"> op-amp circuits<\/a>). It cleverly reverses the supply and ground reference to generate a negative output.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The LM723 maintains a fixed potential difference between its reference and output terminals. Since the ground reference is inverted, the regulator effectively generates a negative regulated output.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Circuit Connection Guide (Negative Input Configuration) -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 750px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 18px;border-radius: 14px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff8f0,#fffdf8);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 14px 0;color: #f97316;text-align: center\">LM723 Circuit Connection Guide (Negative Input Configuration)<\/h3>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" style=\"font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif\" src=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Negative-Voltage-regulator-using-LM723.png\" alt=\"LM723 negative voltage regulator circuit diagram\" width=\"714\" height=\"513\" \/>\r\n<ul style=\"padding: 0;line-height: 1.7\">\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#e0f7ff,#d0f0ff);color: #065f46;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #064e3b\">V+ (Pin 12):<\/span> Connected to ground in this configuration.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff7f0,#fff3e0);color: #78350f;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #7c2d12\">V\u2212 (Pin 7):<\/span> Connected to negative input voltage.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f0ff,#f2e6ff);color: #4c1d95;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #9333ea\">Vref (Pin 6):<\/span> Still provides +7.15 V reference internally.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0fff4,#e6fff0);color: #065f46;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #16a34a\">R3\u2013R4 Network:<\/span> Defines the output voltage level.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff0f7,#ffe6f2);color: #831843;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #a21caf\">C1 (100 pF):<\/span> Maintains phase stability.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0f5ff,#e6ebff);color: #1e3a8a;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #3b82f6\">Output:<\/span> Taken from the emitter of the pass transistor or from the IC\u2019s output pin.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Positive Voltage Regulator with External Pass Transistor for High Output Current<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>When higher output current is needed beyond the LM723\u2019s internal limit (\u2248150 mA), an external pass transistor like 2N3054 or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/product-detail\/transistors-bipolar-bjt-single-stmicroelectronics-2n3771-30e3c91e\">2N3771<\/a> is added. This configuration allows the LM723 to handle currents up to 10A or more, depending on transistor capability and heat dissipation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The LM723 controls the base of the transistor (T1). As load current increases, the transistor supplies additional current, keeping the output stable. The internal amplifier modulates T1\u2019s conduction to maintain the desired voltage across the load.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Positive-voltage-regulator-with-external-pass-transistor-using-LM723.png\" alt=\"LM723 positive voltage regulator with Pass transistor circuit diagram\" width=\"609\" height=\"551\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 with External Pass Transistor Circuit Connection Guide -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 750px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 18px;border-radius: 14px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f8faff,#ffffff);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif\">\r\n<h3 style=\"margin: 0 0 14px 0;color: #0b63ff;text-align: center\">LM723 + External Pass Transistor Connection Guide<\/h3>\r\n<ul style=\"padding: 0;line-height: 1.7\">\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#e0f7ff,#d0f0ff);color: #064e3b;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #0f1724\">T1 (2N3054):<\/span> Functions as the external series pass transistor.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff0f0,#ffeaea);color: #7a1f1f;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #ef4444\">Base of T1:<\/span> Driven by the LM723\u2019s output (Pin 10).<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f0ff,#f2e6ff);color: #4c1d95;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #9333ea\">Emitter of T1:<\/span> Provides the regulated output.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0fff4,#e6fff0);color: #065f46;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #16a34a\">RSC:<\/span> Senses output current for protection.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff7f0,#fff3e0);color: #78350f;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #f59e0b\">R1\u2013R2:<\/span> Voltage divider network sets output voltage.<\/li>\r\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0;padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0f5ff,#e6ebff);color: #1e3a8a;font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"color: #3b82f6\">C1 (500 pF):<\/span> Ensures compensation and loop stability.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"advantages_limitations_of_lm723_voltage_regulator\"><\/span>Advantages &amp; Limitations of LM723 Voltage Regulator<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- LM723 Advantages vs Limitations Table -->\r\n<div style=\"max-width: 900px;margin: 20px auto;padding: 16px;border-radius: 14px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f8f9fb,#ffffff);font-family: 'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif;overflow: auto\">\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;color: #0f52ba;margin-bottom: 14px\">Advantages &amp; Limitations of LM723<\/h3>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;min-width: 750px\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg,#0f62fe,#4bc0ff);color: white;padding: 14px 18px;border-radius: 10px 0 0 0;text-align: left\">Advantages of LM723<\/th>\r\n<th style=\"background: linear-gradient(90deg,#f97316,#fb923c);color: white;padding: 14px 18px;border-radius: 0 10px 0 0;text-align: left\">Limitations of LM723<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0faff,#e6f6ff);color: #0b3d91;font-weight: 600\">Wide Output Voltage Range: Can regulate voltages from 2\u202fV to 37\u202fV, suitable for diverse applications.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff7f0,#fff3e0);color: #7a1f1f;font-weight: 600\">Maximum Output Voltage Limitation: Cannot directly regulate above 37\u202fV without external circuitry.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#e6f6ff,#d0eefc);color: #0b3d91;font-weight: 600\">Adjustable &amp; Fixed Voltage: Supports adjustable voltage via resistors and fixed voltage configurations.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff3f0,#ffe6e0);color: #7a1f1f;font-weight: 600\">External Components Required for High Current: Output above 150\u202fmA needs external pass transistors.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0faff,#e6f6ff);color: #0b3d91;font-weight: 600\">High Output Current Capability: Can supply up to 10\u202fA with an external pass transistor.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff7f0,#fff3e0);color: #7a1f1f;font-weight: 600\">Not Suitable for High-Frequency Switching: Being linear, it dissipates excess voltage as heat.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#e6f6ff,#d0eefc);color: #0b3d91;font-weight: 600\">Internal Precision Reference: Built-in 7.15\u202fV reference ensures accurate voltage regulation.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff3f0,#ffe6e0);color: #7a1f1f;font-weight: 600\">Moderate Load &amp; Line Regulation: Less precise compared to modern LDOs or switching ICs.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0faff,#e6f6ff);color: #0b3d91;font-weight: 600\">Short-Circuit &amp; Thermal Protection: Includes internal current limiting and thermal shutdown.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff7f0,#fff3e0);color: #7a1f1f;font-weight: 600\">Less Integration: Requires external components for features available in modern ICs.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#e6f6ff,#d0eefc);color: #0b3d91;font-weight: 600\">Low Dropout Voltage (with external transistor): Improves efficiency in battery-powered circuits.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff3f0,#ffe6e0);color: #7a1f1f;font-weight: 600\">Thermal Management Required: High currents produce heat, needing heat sinks.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#f0faff,#e6f6ff);color: #0b3d91;font-weight: 600\">Cost-Effective &amp; Reliable: Widely available and affordable for hobbyists and industrial projects.<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 12px 16px;background: linear-gradient(180deg,#fff7f0,#fff3e0);color: #7a1f1f;font-weight: 600\">NA<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lm723_vs_alternatives\"><\/span>LM723 VS Alternatives<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The LM723 voltage regulator IC is a classic choice for linear voltage regulation. However, with modern alternatives available, it\u2019s essential to understand the differences, advantages, and ideal applications of LM723 compared to other voltage regulators like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm317-voltage-regulator-circuit-design-applications-and-tips\/\">LM317<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/product-detail\/pmic-voltage-regulators-linear-stmicroelectronics-l7805cv-581811dd\">7805<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/product-detail\/pmic-voltage-regulators-linear-texas-instruments-lm338t-nopb-d1e46cad\">LM338<\/a>, and modern<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/an\/slva079\/slva079.pdf?ts=1763104880483\"> LDOs.<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/LM723-vs-LM317-and-7805.png\" alt=\"LM723 comparison with LM317 and 7805 IC\" \/><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The LM723 voltage regulator IC remains a versatile and reliable choice for linear power supply designs, offering a combination of adjustable output, built-in reference voltage, and protection features. Its ability to support medium to high output currents with external pass transistors, along with short-circuit and thermal protection, makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, including bench power supplies, audio amplifiers, and industrial circuits.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"frequently_asked_questions_faq\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\">\r\n<div id=\"faq-question-1763053337312\" class=\"schema-faq-section\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Q1. How can I achieve high output current with LM723 without damaging the IC?<\/strong><\/strong>\r\n<p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Use external series pass transistors like 2N3055 or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/product-detail\/transistors-bipolar-bjt-single-bourns-inc-tip3055-s-6d01dd51\">TIP3055<\/a>. Ensure proper base resistor calculation and adequate heat sinking for both the IC and transistor to handle currents up to 10\u202fA safely.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"faq-question-1763053358784\" class=\"schema-faq-section\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Q2. Can LM723 be used for both positive and negative voltage regulation?<\/strong><\/strong>\r\n<p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Yes, LM723 can be configured to regulate positive or negative voltages by adjusting the circuit topology, making it suitable for dual power supplies in op-amp circuits or audio amplifiers.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"faq-question-1763053377831\" class=\"schema-faq-section\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Q3. How do I select resistors for adjustable voltage applications?<\/strong><\/strong>\r\n<p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The output voltage is set by the resistor network connected to the non-inverting input and Vref. Use high-precision resistors (1% or better) and calculate according to the Vout formula mention in the design guide section.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"faq-question-1763053432534\" class=\"schema-faq-section\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Q4. Can LM723 be used in a variable bench power supply?<\/strong><\/strong>\r\n<p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Absolutely. Its adjustable output and protection features make it perfect for DIY lab power supplies, allowing precise voltage control and current limiting.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"faq-question-1763053457885\" class=\"schema-faq-section\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Q5. How do thermal and current protection features affect design?<\/strong><\/strong>\r\n<p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The IC reduces output current or shuts down when overheated or overloaded. This protects components but may limit output under high load. Always design with adequate heat sinking and current rating to avoid frequent triggering.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"faq-question-1763053469901\" class=\"schema-faq-section\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Q6. What is the fastest way to improve line and load regulation in an LM723 design?<\/strong><\/strong>\r\n<p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">You can improve regulation by:<br \/>-Using low-value precision resistors in the voltage divider<br \/>-Adding a high-gain external transistor for the pass element<br \/>-Minimizing wiring resistance and stray inductance in high-current paths<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/search\/lm723\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6327\" src=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/lm723-voltage-regulators-series.png\" alt=\"LM723 series voltage regulators for power supply circuits and voltage regulation applications, including LM723N and LM723D, provided by Flywing.\" width=\"2160\" height=\"798\" \/><\/a><\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction to LM723 Voltage Regulator The LM723 is a monolithic integrated programmable voltage regulator, assembled in a 14-lead dual-in-line plastic package. It is capable of providing 2V-37V output voltage and delivering 150mA of output current. However, with the addition of an external transistor, it can provide an output current up to 10A. LM723 offers extremely [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":6328,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[378,203,380],"tags":[562,837,834,835,219,836],"class_list":["post-6298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-parts-library","category-power-electronics","category-technical-tutorial","tag-adjustable-voltage-regulator","tag-linear-regulator","tag-lm723","tag-lm723-voltage-regulator","tag-power-supply-design","tag-voltage-regulator-ic"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\r\n<title>LM723 Voltage Regulator Explained: Pinout, Working &amp; Application Circuits - Fly-Wing<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn everything about LM723 voltage regulator, its pinout, working operation, design guide, circuit diagram, and typical circuit applications. 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How can I achieve high output current with LM723 without damaging the IC?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Use external series pass transistors like 2N3055 or <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/product-detail\/transistors-bipolar-bjt-single-bourns-inc-tip3055-s-6d01dd51\\\">TIP3055<\/a>. Ensure proper base resistor calculation and adequate heat sinking for both the IC and transistor to handle currents up to 10\u202fA safely.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053358784\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053358784\",\"name\":\"Q2. 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We aim to share valuable insights on electronic components, industry trends, and practical engineering guides to support global developers and buyers.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/author\/content_manager_01\/"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053337312","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053337312","name":"Q1. How can I achieve high output current with LM723 without damaging the IC?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Use external series pass transistors like 2N3055 or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/product-detail\/transistors-bipolar-bjt-single-bourns-inc-tip3055-s-6d01dd51\">TIP3055<\/a>. Ensure proper base resistor calculation and adequate heat sinking for both the IC and transistor to handle currents up to 10\u202fA safely.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053358784","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053358784","name":"Q2. Can LM723 be used for both positive and negative voltage regulation?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes, LM723 can be configured to regulate positive or negative voltages by adjusting the circuit topology, making it suitable for dual power supplies in op-amp circuits or audio amplifiers.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053377831","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053377831","name":"Q3. How do I select resistors for adjustable voltage applications?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The output voltage is set by the resistor network connected to the non-inverting input and Vref. Use high-precision resistors (1% or better) and calculate according to the Vout formula mention in the design guide section.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053432534","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053432534","name":"Q4. Can LM723 be used in a variable bench power supply?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Absolutely. Its adjustable output and protection features make it perfect for DIY lab power supplies, allowing precise voltage control and current limiting.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053457885","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053457885","name":"Q5. How do thermal and current protection features affect design?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The IC reduces output current or shuts down when overheated or overloaded. This protects components but may limit output under high load. Always design with adequate heat sinking and current rating to avoid frequent triggering.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053469901","position":6,"url":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/lm723-voltage-regulator-features-pinout-design-guide-and-power-supply-applications\/#faq-question-1763053469901","name":"Q6. What is the fastest way to improve line and load regulation in an LM723 design?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"You can improve regulation by:<br \/>-Using low-value precision resistors in the voltage divider<br \/>-Adding a high-gain external transistor for the pass element<br \/>-Minimizing wiring resistance and stray inductance in high-current paths","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6298"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6335,"href":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6298\/revisions\/6335"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.flywing-tech.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}